Why bother with 64-bit Windows?
Posted on 7 Aug 2009 at 14:41
With Windows 7 arriving this autumn, is now the time to upgrade to 64-bit? Darien Graham-Smith weighs up the pros and cons
Never mind the relative merits of Home Premium, Professional or Ultimate. There's a more fundamental choice to make when choosing which version of Windows to buy: 32- or 64-bit.
64-bit editions of Windows have been available for several years now, and most new processors are capable of running it, but the majority of us are still running a standard 32-bit OS. After all, 32-bit Windows works perfectly well with today's standard hardware and software - so why bother changing it?
But with Windows 7 about to launch, it's worth considering the future. If you opt for a 32-bit edition of the new OS, and later find you need the benefits of 64-bit, you'll have to reinstall from scratch. Make the right choice today and you can save yourself considerable upheaval. We've scrutinised the performance benefits, compatibility issues and security implications to help you decide whether it's time to go 64-bit.
What does 64-bit mean?
Fundamentally, 64-bit computing is a function of the CPU. A 64-bit processor can work with 64-bit chunks of data in a single operation, while a 32-bit processor can work with values of only half that length. An OS designed to make use of the extra capabilities of a 64-bit CPU can thus achieve better performance and support more memory than a 32-bit OS.
And there's no doubt 64-bit is the future. Remember how the 8-bit CPUs of the 1980s were eclipsed by 16-bit processors, which were in turn superseded by 32-bit Pentiums and Athlons? Now, with 64-bit hardware and software widely available, the clock is ticking for 32-bit computing.
With 64-bit hardware and software widely available, the clock is ticking for 32-bit computing
But the transition to a 64-bit CPU needn't be an upheaval. The standard x64 architecture - as designed by AMD and subsequently licensed by Intel - maintains backward compatibility with the 32-bit instructions and data registers used by the older x86 architecture. This means you can still run 32-bit OSes and applications on a 64-bit processor.
In fact, you're probably already doing just that. Most modern CPUs are 64-bit parts, even though they're mostly used with 32-bit editions of Windows.
Switching to 64-bit Windows
The advantages of a 64-bit CPU are available only if your OS knows how to take advantage of them. Thankfully, Microsoft has been producing 64-bit editions of Windows for almost as long as the chips have been available. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was released in early 2005, and 64-bit variants of Vista have been available since the operating system's launch.
But upgrading from 32-bit Windows to a 64-bit installation can involve jumping through a few hoops. For starters, you need to make sure your PC and peripherals will work with a 64-bit OS. Then you'll need the appropriate installation media. If you don't already have a copy of Windows, you can buy a 64-bit edition of Vista, or Windows 7 when available. In theory, you can also still buy the 64-bit edition of Windows XP, but we'd discourage this: it isn't well supported, and certainly isn't a wise investment for the future.
If you're running a retail edition of 32-bit Vista then you're entitled to move to a 64-bit edition for free: fill in a form on the Microsoft website, and you'll be sent a 64-bit disc for a nominal postage fee.
From around the web
64 bit
I agree that it makes good sense that if one is going to be installing Windows 7 as a clean install then opting for 64 bit is the sensible choice. I have a couple of observations from having used 64 bit Vista for a couple of years:
Firstly memory; although Vista recognises the 8 GB of RAM that I have, the sidebar gaget that monitors memory use shows only 2 GB in use pretty much all the time.
Secondly, one of my biggest frustrations has been with Adobe Reader, which, even after all this time, still does not work with 64 bit Vista properly, in that the thumbnails and previews in explorer and Outlook do not work. I have 32 bit Vista at work and Reader works fine on that. I really hope Adobe can get its act together for Reader 10, perhaps to work properly on Win 7.
By perriss on 12 Aug 2009 ![]()
Adobe Reader
Get rid of this resource hungry app and use foxit reader it takes up less memory does exactly the same job and is also free to download
By littleb on 13 Aug 2009 ![]()
64-bit Drivers
I’ve been keen to switch to 64-bit, and I’ve had mixed experiences.
Testing Windows 7 Beta 64, I found the system very responsive (using 4GB RAM), but there are still too many unsupported devices/software for me to warrant moving to 64-bit –the issue, driver support!
For example I occasionally use music production software –the version I have won’t work on 64bit, and there are no 64 bit drivers for the MIDI/interface I use. I found a relatively small amount of applications and hardware ran into this problem, but it was still considerable enough for me to stay 32bit.
I’m now using Windows 7 RC 32, with (so far) no compatibility problems. Once manufacturers fully support 64bit, the time will be ripe to move.
By alexg400 on 18 Aug 2009 ![]()
On page 3 under "Extra RAM: the big 64-bit advantage"
it should read "2 to the power of 32 addresses (or 2^32 addresses" not 232 addresses.
By jbarnett on 19 Aug 2009 ![]()
windows 7 (7600)
Now that the retail version is out, there is no reason not to install it.
By jonhoneybull on 20 Aug 2009 ![]()
Jump on the bandwagon now or later
Duh, later. It'll be even cheaper. Unless 3.4GB is actually not enough for what you're doing right now then there's not a whole lot to force you to upgrade.
If you're performing the sort of high precision math that 64bit helps you'll know you are.
By steviesteveo on 24 Aug 2009 ![]()
Correction
Good spot jbarnett - error in transcription. Now corrected. Thanks.
Barry Collins
Online Editor
By Barry_Collins on 24 Aug 2009 ![]()
The article is misleading
The 32-bit limit on memory addressing is just that, a limit on the maximum the system can address in one go. You are able to buy 32bit windows server operating systems that can make use of more than 4GB of RAM for this reason. The total available memory limitation is due to the coding in windows. Maybe the article should reflect this.
By storm311 on 1 Sep 2009 ![]()
The article is misleading
The 32-bit limit on memory addressing is just that, a limit on the maximum the system can address in one go. You are able to buy 32bit windows server operating systems that can make use of more than 4GB of RAM for this reason. The total available memory limitation is due to the coding in windows. Maybe the article should reflect this.
By storm311 on 1 Sep 2009 ![]()
Double precision
There is no need to use a 64 bit OS or application to take advantage of double precision floating point. x86-64 CPUs support double and extended precision in both 32 and 64 bit mode.
Something that isn't mentioned is that like-for-like performance can actually decrease in some situations because of the larger cache footprint of 64 bit code.
By markh on 11 Sep 2009 ![]()
get your facts right
Firstly, NO 32bit operating system can utilise 4GB RAM, including Win7 32bit and 2008 Server R2!
Secondly, many programs perform about 20% faster using 64bit.
Thirdly, the number of programs that REQUIRE 64bit processing is rising.
Fourthly, the amount of RAM required to run Office 2007 is over 1GB and will rise with Office 2010, ditto for IE and most other applications. Win7 might use the same amount of RAM as Vista now, but after a couple of service packs it will probably use more, as was the case with every other operating system Microsoft produced. Why inflict a 3.2GB RAM limit on yourself?
By skgiven on 24 Sep 2009 ![]()
@skgiven: Yes, it is possible to utilise >3ish GB RAM on a 32 bit system, using techniques such as PAE. However, MS decided not to implement them on Vista (for backwards compatability reasons?), but I'm pretty sure some server OS's can address more than 3 GB despite being 32 bit.
By qwertyqwerty87 on 24 Sep 2009 ![]()
No guarantee it will work...
I have a decent motherboard that supports up to 8Gb RAM, and Vista 64, but when I upgraded from 2Gb to 4Gb RAM it will no longer boot. I also have a 32bit XP partition and ironically, that boots fine with 4Gb (although it only recognises 3.5Gb as expected). It seems I am not the only one with this issue, but there is no known Vista fix as yet. I am currently therefore using my PC with 3Gb, and with a brand new 1Gb stick of RAM helpfully sitting on the desk.
That said, I have had no other problems with the 64 bit version of Vista, so I would still opt for this over the 32bit version. In my case, I have kept my 32bit XP partition for only 2 reasons - my old scanner only has 32bit drivers and Crysis runs much better in XP.
By simonjm3 on 3 Oct 2009 ![]()
There is no matter for debates
Who still can use 32 bit - let him use it. It's true, that 32 bit systems still have more support with drivers and applications. It is VERY annoying, when you MUST move to 64 bit and have to say goodbye to such applications as VPN client SecuRemote of CheckPoint. It is rediculouse, that some Software makers do not care that sometime we can not more use 32.
The key /3GB is very limited in capability. Sometimes you can not fit simultaneously into limited address space both windows kernel and application job even with tricks of /userva=????.
I have several examlpes of CAD files from Parasolid and NX that even can not be opened by NX Unigraphics with the Error "Out of memory" in spite you still have plenty of unused RAM+Virtual. 64 bit let them be opened by the same application without any problems.
I reinstalled many of former 32 to 64 from scratch. System can not come usually if you use incompatible DIMM modules or BIOS is not upgraded (it was the issue of excellent Intel D955XBK motherboards that all series came with the old BIOS)
By Gennadii on 1 Nov 2009 ![]()
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