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Posted on July 19th, 2012 by David Bayon

M-Disc: the DVD that “lasts forever”

M-Disc

All archival methods have their strengths and weaknesses, and many of the latter involve longevity. Hard disks, flash storage, tape, DVDs: they all degrade, and whether you’re a lone consumer with a photo collection or a large business with vital files, losing data to the ravages of time is tough to avoid. It’s a problem the cloud may well yet solve, but even there you’re placing your trust in a third-party, and as we’ve seen in the last few weeks even the cloud is vulnerable to the elements.

The ideal solution would combine security and permanence with the affordability and convenience of using standard, everyday tools. A company called Millenniata claims to have developed exactly that. The M-Disc shares the same size, shape and 4.7GB capacity of a DVD, and indeed can be read by any standard DVD drive, yet Millenniata says this special disc “cannot be overwritten, erased, or corrupted by natural processes”. As the website says, it’s “the first ever permanent file backup disc that lasts forever”.

How it works

The key is in the materials used in each disc. The diagram below shows the make-up of a standard DVD and an M-Disc, and you can see it’s the data layers that differ. A standard DVD has its data burned into a layer of organic dye, and it’s this dye that’s most susceptible to degradation by light, heat and humidity. Millenniata says a DVD kept in sub-optimal conditions has an average lifespan of less than five years.

The M-Disc does away with this layer, replacing it with a layer of “chemically stable and heat-resistant materials” that remains solid at temperatures up to 500°C. Using a much higher-powered laser, the innermost layers are burned away to leave a physical pit, the surrounds of which then cool to form a rock-like polycrystalline structure. It’s “the modern, digital equivalent of engraving data, literally, in stone”.

M-DISC v DVD

We can’t possibly test the kind of claims made for the M-Disc — in dry conditions at room temperature the data should remain readable after 10,000 years, for example, and the polycarbonate becomes the weak link at 1,000 years — but a pretty solid second opinion comes from tests carried out at the US Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) facility at China Lake, California. There, engineers took DVDs from five other brands, conducted an accelerated life-cycle test where the disks were exposed to 85°C heat, 85% relative humidity and full spectrum light, and observed the increase in read errors.

The result? “Every other brand tested showed large increases in data errors after the stress period. Many of the discs were so damaged that they could not be recognised as DVDs by the disc analyser.” As for the tested M-Discs, “the data recorded on these discs was recoverable. The Millenniata discs were the only ones tested that maintained information integrity”.

Test results

You can read the full report here [PDF].

We obviously can’t hope to replicate such tests in our Labs, but we nevertheless burned a few sample M-Discs to ensure the compatibility works as Millenniata claims. Our discs burned perfectly at 4x and were readable on every standard DVD drive we put them in, plus the LG drive happily read every other type of disc we fed it.

Who’s it for?

Millenniata believes the M-Disc has wide appeal, but is it more of a consumer solution for keen photographers or a realistic option for a large business? It’s both, according to Dennis Decker, VP of Strategic Partnerships at Millenniata.

“The M-Disc is for any person or organisation that has a critical set of data that must be saved for long periods of time,” he told us. “Critical data may be influenced by emotion, as in the case of photographs, or mandate, as in the case of business records. It’s currently being sold to both commercial and consumer customers as well as government agencies and educational facilities in the USA.”

There’s no doubt it ticks a lot of boxes. As the NAWCWD report says, it’s “of great interest because of the use of non-reactive data layers and backward compatibility”, and it’s the latter of these that makes it more than just a curiosity. To burn an M-Disc you need a special M-Writer with a more powerful laser, but they’re not expensive: the LG drive we used can be bought for £25, works with off-the-shelf burning software and is backwards compatible with the usual DVD formats.

“HLDS [Hitachi-LG Data Storage] is Millenniata’s current drive partner,” said Decker. “The drives are under the LG brand for consumer purchase, or simply as an M-Disc-enabled drive when part of an OEM system such as Acer or Dell computers.” The technology becoming standard in laptop and PC drives is surely the goal; Millenniata is in talks to bring more manufacturers on board next year.

As for larger capacities, a second layer could be added like a normal DVD, but that’s not aiming high enough. “Millenniata is currently developing an M-Disc Blu that has a capacity of 25GB,” said Decker, “so there is little need to go to market with a 9GB dual-layer DVD. The M-Disc Blu should be available in the first half of next year, and a dual-layer version of that disc should be available by year-end 2013.”

A 50GB lifetime storage solution sounds impressive, but that’s getting ahead of ourselves. What we have right now is an affordable DVD writer and 4.7GB discs — enough to get started while you wait for the technology to make its progress. You’ll have to pay a €10 charge to ship a drive from DuTec in Ireland if you want one today, with full UK retail distribution expected to begin “in the coming weeks”. Once it does, given the heady claims and the low cost of entry, we can see the M-Disc solving a problem for a wide variety of customers.

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39 Responses to “ M-Disc: the DVD that “lasts forever” ”

  1. mr_chips Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 8:07 am

    All very well and good but I get the impression they can still be surface damaged with scratches etc or shattered like normal DVDs if not handled correctly, so they are still not child or clumsy adult proof. So please can you try this with your labs sample and report back ;)

     
  2. Ryan "The_Scrote" thomas Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:25 am

    The discs may survive, but will there be any equipment in 1000 or 10000 years that will be able to read it? Look at the problems they had with that digital domesday laserdisc from only a couple of decades ago.

     
  3. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:28 am

    at last. for me, this is the most important technological advance for human civilisation since the invention of the microchip.

     
  4. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:33 am

    mr_chips: utterly irrelevant. books are quite “susceptible” to fire and water damage don’t you think? the point is important digital information (e.g. the emails of Ian McEwan, Barack Obama etc.) can now be safely stored (in the British Library etc.) for posterity. Newsflash: small children aren’t allowed in the British Library archives.

     
  5. KG Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:48 am

    GW: totally irrelevant. According to the article
    “Millenniata believes the M-Disc has wide appeal, but is it more of a consumer solution for keen photographers or a realistic option for a large business? It’s both, according to Dennis Decker”. Sorry, most of us don’t store our information at the British Library archives. In the end, if the data is precious (and you don’t have access to the British Library archives), it is good practice to have multiple back up copies of the data.

     
  6. Tony Coleby Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:53 am

    I wonder what the price per disc of these will be? In my line of work I’m swamped by TBs of photos I have to back up. Hard disk storage is now at the pennies per gig level meaning I can duplicate or even triplicate my data, spread it around and leave it to chance that at least one copy will survive that asteroid headed for Earth, nuclear blast, whatever it is we’re planning to avoid here.

    Of course if it’s something major like the Earth’s magnetic poles slipping then I probably wouldn’t have any working PC to use to recover the data.

     
  7. David Bayon Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 10:06 am

    Tony: the discs aren’t available over here yet, but in the US they’re $19.99 for 5, $29.99 for 10, $72.50 for 25. Not cheap, but certainly not prohibitively expensive.

    Regards
    David

     
  8. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 10:10 am

    @Tony Coleby what we’re planning to avoid is none of those, but simply the passage of time. why do people not get this? I thought PC Pro readers were supposed to be intelligent. you can back up your data 100 times, but if each of those back-ups has a life of 10 years, even 50 years, they will ALL fail around the same time. that is not posterity. this is posterity.

     
  9. Tim Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 11:07 am

    @GW: It depends what kind of backups though. If you’re running your backups fairly regularly to either USB hard disks or the cloud you’re going to notice when one of your HDD’s fails or when your clound provider goes out of business and know to do something about it (buy a new HDD, move to another provider). I would say this is going to be the majority of home users as cloud-backup services and ‘Time Machine’-like software becomes the norm for home users.

    These M-Discs sound like they’re for people who create backups and then stuff them a drawer to be ignored until possibly years later. This could be the use case of people who have very large photo collections which they like to file away in bits at a time by burning to CD or DVD. I’d still be hesitant to rely on these new discs though despite the lab test. CD/DVD media manufacturers are well known for ridiculous claims on the longevity of their media which don’t stand up in real life.

     
  10. kingjulian Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 11:34 am

    I don’t know about others, but the lifespan of my hard drives is not an issue. Probably every year, at least every 2 years, I buy x2 new hard drives of larger capacity. One is a primary drive and the other a backup drive stored at a top secret facility in my brother’s cupboard. At the moment I have x2 3TB drives and capacity wise they will probably last another year at the most. Effectively, as your data collection grows (especially media), surely so does the need to increase your hard drive capacity? Am I alone in this reasoning?

     
  11. kingjulian Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 11:36 am

    What I meant to but didnt quite say is that in 10 years time, I will be on my 3rd set of hard drives so drive longevity is not an issue…

     
  12. Mark Thompson Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 11:37 am

    This thing could be the saviour of optical media.

     
  13. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 12:06 pm

    @kingjulian but the point is, are you going to keep doing it for your whole life so your friends and family can have access to works of family interest? are your descendants going to keep doing this every couple of years for the next 3000 years?

    how do we know so much about classical rome and greece? because stuff survived on paper and stone.

    I still. cannot. believe. I am having to explain this.

     
  14. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 12:08 pm

    @Mark Thompson EXACTLY! Not even “could be”, DEFINITELY IS!

     
  15. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 12:37 pm

    @Tim see my comments re posterity. re spurious company claims, see section of article which discusses “US Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division”

     
  16. Surefire Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 12:45 pm

    These are good news in that they add to the existing arsenal of backup options, some of which suit some functions and some of which suit others.

     
  17. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 1:20 pm

    @surefire but as the second word of this article makes clear, this product was designed specifically for one function: archiving. Back-up solutions which were designed to suit other functions better suit other functions. Well spotted.

     
  18. Martin Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 2:24 pm

    @GW
    Okay, so we get that you’re on commission for Milleniata. Calm down.

    Yes, this media is fine for the low volume, low speed, indelible archival requirements of science and the arts. Undoubtedly great for that. But I wonder if business will take an interest – and if they don’t then it’s probably doomed to be an unsupported legacy device. And, as for consumers, 99% of us have absolutely nothing worth archiving for our descendants “3000 years in the future” anyway, so unless this reaches a similar price-point to standard dvds then it’s not going to gain much traction there either.

    I hope I don’t have to explain to you how records on paper and stone are in a whole different league of universality to Word 2003 files (or, even worse for compatibility: Pages) saved on a dvd…

     
  19. David Bayon Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 5:32 pm

    The comments are welcome, but let’s keep it civil please gents.

    I agree with GW that the product has great potential as an archive tool, but as some of you point out it’s maybe not perfect for everyday home backup. That’s fine. Horses for courses. No need to get into personal arguments.

    Regards
    David

    PS. I’ve removed several comments. If you want to remake the points, please keep it pleasant. We’re all here because we’re interested in technology, differing opinions are allowed.

     
  20. GW Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 5:40 pm

    What “whole different league of universality” did hieroglyphics inhabit before the rosetta stone was discovered? how about unicode text?

    You are seriously arguing £2 for a 5GB disc which lasts for 10,000 years is prohibitive?

    “99% of us have absolutely nothing worth archiving for our descendants “3000 years in the future” anyway”

    (a) archaeologists, anthropologists and social historians of the future take note.
    (b) How about your marriage DVD, home videos and photos, emails with loved ones, essential docs like birth certificate, property titles, qualification certificates? favourite films and music? (subject to copyright, which is being reviewed re personal use) no?

     
  21. Mark Thompson Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 8:32 pm

    Some amusing comments:
    * “doomed to be an unsupported legacy device”. The key is not the hardware needed to write, but that needed to read. The ubiquity of the DVD Rom drive makes this look a relatively safe bet compared to more specialist media.
    *** “paper and stone”. Stone is awful as an archiving tool. Bulky, expensive, low data density… Much the same applies to paper – I’m not sure how much it would cost to print and store 4.7GB of data on paper but the faff scanning it back in and reconstructing a digital file is also a massive dealbreaker. Even if it was 4.7GB of printed letters the convenience of a compact, easily indexed and searchable format teabags all over the face of paper.
    I can see where people are coming from with the scepticism – this system will only take off when they get dual layer Blu Ray levels of storage; back end of 2013/early 2014 then.

     
  22. mr_chips Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:08 pm

    why one person (GW) be allowed to be rude and obnoxious throughout the discussion thread and nobody allowed to answer back and defend themselves? sorry but i agreed like I did because I found his comments on the whole offensive. nothing i put in my first post was utterly irrelevant. i felt like i was being shouted down and belittled. so thanks for supporting his actions David in doing the above.

     
  23. Jon Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 9:44 pm

    It does have a practical use for the average consumer for backing up media files, especially music.

    Anyone who uses iTunes for any period of time will realise quite frequently that it loses or deletes tracks for no apparent reason. Give me a 50gb Blu-ray that I can store my music on that won’t degrade and that iTunes can’t stuff up. The blu-ray version would also be handy for backing up DVD’s.

     
  24. David Bayon Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 10:16 pm

    @mr_chips: I deleted several comments both from GW and from others that were crossing the line into personal attacks. I appreciate there are a few still there with some unhelpful comments, but I don’t want to overmoderate where at all possible.

    Regards
    David

     
  25. The Great Rock and Laser Swindle Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 10:21 pm

    Ahah! So we now have a company finally offering an OPtical solution which claims it can do what CD’s and DVD’s were meant to do from day one?

    Well that’s just great.

    My experience on the West Coast of Ireland has been that Humidity is the real threat for long term storage and scratching the biggest threat day to day.

    Lets face it though the Media industry have been down-engineering origianl films and music disks on purpose to make us repeat buy over and over again.

     
  26. Minou Says:
    July 19th, 2012 at 10:26 pm

    As a fairly serious Amateur photographer (as in for the love of it, not for the money) and a former professional genealogical researcher (for the money not for the love!) I tend to try to archive everything I shoot – even the commonplace snapshots of people and scenes from as recently as the 50’s to 80’s are now helpful as 1) historical and 2) social records. With a reliable and robust storage medium it will be possible to easily and relatively cheaply store a lot of data. Bring it on!

     
  27. nichomach0 Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 9:19 am

    Personally, I’ll be putting in for these for here for at least some designated users. I work for a construction firm and we’re legally required to retain some data for 12 years, for instance. Storing the paper is hellishly expensive, but up until now DVDs have been less than reliable. The Blu-ray version of this would be just the ticket, but even the DVD version would be a huge step up.

     
  28. morpheous Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 12:04 pm

    Dose any one know if this technology could be used in hard drives as it seams a more commercial proposition than just 25gb disks, can they scale this up to say 2tb.

     
  29. morpheous Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 12:22 pm

    I realize that they can only be written to once but I was thinking in terms of secure online backup like the cloud. don’t know if I make much scene to you guys but I’m not a techy

     
  30. Martin Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 1:16 pm

    @MarkThompson
    Do you think we’ll still be using DVD drives in 3000 years’ time (the time frame that GW indicates)? 5.25” disks were ubiquitous a while ago, and look at what happened to those in less than a dozen years. And that’s on top of a compatible OS to read the data at all, of course. I’ll be very, very disappointed in the human race if we haven’t moved on.

    But we’ll only need a functioning pair of eyes and a brain to have a go at decoding that ol’ stone tablet scrawled with hieroglyphics.

    @GW
    A) Last time I checked, archaeologists, anthropologists and social historians made up that 1% of the population, so my argument still stands.
    B) No, I doubt very much that my descendents will want to watch my endless wedding video or my thousands of samey honeymoon photos – nor would I want to subject them to this.

     
  31. GW Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 1:46 pm

    @martin

    (a) no I meant that people in those professions – plus genealogists both amateur and professional (I missed one) – are *interested in* the 99%, not that they’re part of the 99% themselves. They use information about the ordinary people like you and me from the distant past to build up a picture of a society (or family).
    (b) this was a separate point about what *you* might use it for, not your descendants. But future people in those professions I mentioned certainly would be interested in your and my M-Discs with that stuff on. It’s their job.

    p.s. I am not on commission from anyone, this is just my personal view.

     
  32. GW Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 1:54 pm

    @Martin re optical drives and @Mark Thompson , I think an optical disc with a laser reading zeros and ones is a pretty good super-long term solution, particularly when in a 25GB blu-ray. Dangerous to predict how things will develop, but
    (a) you could pretty much get your whole life on that (lots of long videos notwithstanding).
    (b) Pretty easy to reverse engineer a disc in the very distant future. All you’d need is a microscope and a knowledge of binary code. binary code more universally decihperable than hieroglyphics no? no need for rosetta stone? interesting to consider anyway.

     
  33. William hill Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 4:04 pm

    I have been put a lot of my old photos on them photos from 1878 up to the 1920s hope the films from some of this times can be preserve now as a lot have been lost

     
  34. Philip Walduck Says:
    July 20th, 2012 at 7:34 pm

    I remember when CD-Writers were new and cost £100+ and the discs were priced at £1-£2 and they only held ~650Mb, nowadays the drive to write them cost £12 and the discs themselves sell for ~£0.40 and this is over just 15-20 years, so we can be pretty certain that these drives and discs will become cheaper in the future, what will be intersting will be whether any company will offer cheap near line storage for home users

     
  35. David K Says:
    July 22nd, 2012 at 2:12 pm

    People banging on about three thousand years and how pointless etc etc. I have ordinary discs which are just 10 years old which are already failing/have failed. Having taken a great deal of care in purchasing supposedly good media. Should these new discs only last twenty or thirty I will be very happy. As for people saying about surface scratching etc the surface can be repolished, whereas the dye layer of an old disc cannot be magically re-juvenated. I welcome this with open arms.

     
  36. Andrew Rowland Says:
    July 25th, 2012 at 11:26 am

    Quite a lot of my old DVDs and CDs are no longer readable in full, despite being kept in a dark cupboard. So this is good news for me in one sense — preserving personal memories etc. The capacity is simply too small for backups: even 50 GB pales in comparison to today’s 1 – 3 TB drives (I remember trying to back up onto a pile of 40 floppies once. Plus ça change!).

    But…
    1. A week’s family holiday just last week generated 9 GB of videos alone, and I probably won’t get time to edit this stuff until I retire, more than a decade away. Just the kind of memory one wants to preserve, buyt already more than the 4.7 GB currency capacity.
    2. The M-disks target DVD drives, which are at the end of their life cycle. Look at floppies: I have hundreds knocking around but cannot buy a new drive if I wanted to.
    3. What about USB sticks and SSD drives? Larger sizes are affordable now. What is their longevity like?

     
  37. AverGo Says:
    August 2nd, 2012 at 9:18 am

    I still have a box of Floppy disks that date back about 20 years, that I used on a (twin floppy, 640k mem No-hdd laptop. Orig. Price £2000). Guess what they still read.

     
  38. hank Says:
    October 4th, 2012 at 5:26 pm

    Reviews I’ve read say that the M-discs smell — like photographic chemicals one said. What’s outgassing? Usually it’s a plasticizer. So is it safe to sleep with one under your pillow? (-:

     
  39. Robert Rosenfeld Says:
    October 23rd, 2012 at 1:49 pm

    Yesterday I bought a new LG GP30 Slim Portable DVD Writer because of the lack of the previous external DVD Device. At the box of the new device I found mentioned explanations about the new M-DISC technology. From the first moment I understood what’s the importance of this new invention. Nobody can guarant the 1000 years life of the new optical media but I think even it will arrive to 100 years it will worth the investition for the private video and still enthusiasts who want to preserve their “Memories on TV”

     

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